Sack of Rome by Charles v’s army of largely Lutheran mercenaries Peasants’ War adult baptisms performed in Zurich initiates Anabaptism iconoclasm in Basel death of Thomas Muentzer death of Frederick the Wise marriage of Luther to Katharina von Bora
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Luther publishes first New Testament translation iconoclasm in Zurich Thomas Muentzer begins ministry in Allstedtĭebate between Luther and Erasmus over free will Iconoclasm in Wittenberg and Eilenburg Luther returns from Wartburg to restore order Luther, excommunicated, cited to Diet of Worms and taken to Wartburg for his protection Andreas Karlstadt, interim leader in Wittenberg, celebrates German Mass in city iconoclasm in Erfurt Luther expounds his ‘theology of the cross’ before the Augustinian Order in Heidelberg Luther tried by Thomas Cajetan in AugsburgĬharles v of Spain elected Holy Roman Emperor Luther’s dispute with Johannes Eck at Leipzigīull charges Luther with notorious and public heresy and threatens excommunication Luther posts ‘95 Theses’ against the Catholic practice of selling indulgences Luther assumes professorship in theology at university and delivers his first exegetical lectures on the Psalmsīirth of Lucas Cranach the Younger in Wittenberg Luther arrives at the University of Wittenberg The Cross 171 The Outstretched Finger 191 A Hidden God? 201 Crude Painting 212 Preaching 252 Teaching 282 Ubiquity 308įrom Custom to Rule 321 Behind the Mass 340 The Tables Turned 362 Ministry 377 Church Building 402Įpilogue 441 References 445 Photo Acknowledgements 483 Index 484īirth of Lucas Cranach the Elder in Kronachįriedrich the Wise made elector of SaxonyĬhristopher Columbus lands in the Caribbeanġ496–7 Albrecht Dürer publishes his Apocalypse woodcuts 1497īirth of Philipp Melanchthon in Bretten (Palatinate) Vasco da Gama reaches India, having rounded Africaīurning of Girolamo Savonarola in FlorenceĬranach begins his influential early phase as a painter in Vienna Friedrich the Wise founds university in WittenbergĬranach appointed court painter to Friedrich the Wise in Wittenberg Ideas About the Thing 19 A Tragedy for Art? 27 Territorial Battles 38 Appropriations 52 A Reformation Altarpiece 69Īctions 83 Beliefs 94 Fictions 104 Communications 137 The Arrested Gesture 153 Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the Millard Meiss Publication Fund of the College Art Association.Ĭolour printed by Balding & Mansell Limited, Norwich Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, King’s Lynn British Library Cataloguing in Publishing Data Koerner, Joseph Leo, 1958 The reformation of the image 1.Christian art and symbolism - Europe - History - 16th century 2.Protestantism in art 3.Reformation - Europe i.Title 704.9’482’09031 isbn 1 86189 172 5 Published by Reaktion Books Ltd 79 Farringdon Road London ec1m 3ju, uk First published 2004 Copyright © Joseph Leo Koerner 2004 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. The Reformation of the Image joseph leo koerner Ideas About the Thing, Not the Thing Itself JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2019), 3(2), 95-98. Paying a little more attention to the physical reformation of slums will positively affect the world at large in the long run. In conclusion, a community, no matter how small has the ability to influence the general well-being of an entire nation.
It will also improve the physical general wellbeing of communities. In as much as these slums cannot be eradicated completely, physical upgrading of slums with improved street networks, better building materials, better air quality, easy access to basic municipal services, improves natural ventilation, natural lighting and better drainages will prove to make positive changes economically, socially and reduce crime rates in many cities.
To this end, the reformation of slums should be a priority. The notion that an environment greatly influences an individual holds out the necessity to create better-living conditions that will in time nurture and improve the individual. Aside from the fact that a slum is known as being the residential environment with the poorest living conditions, it is also known for various negative activities and a relatively high crime rate. The world keeps getting better in every aspect including housing and infrastructure and the growing technology keeps improving affordable housing, but the chances of completely eradicating slums will remain slim because there will always be people unable to afford better housing than slums have to offer.
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